Over the centuries, blue chalcedony has been used for cameo and intaglio carvings, as well as sculptural carvings. The contemporary town is named Kad'köy and belongs to the Istanbul district.Ĭhalcedony is one of the most ancient gemstones it was carved into cylindrical seals in Mesopotamia as early as the 7th century BCE. Chalcedony was found at the ancient Greek maritime town of Chalcedon (or Chalkedon), on the Bosporus straight in Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). The name chalcedony (pronounced kal’ sed'nee) comes from the Latin word chalcedonius, which is derived from the Greek khalkedon. Origins of Chalcedony Pin this post to save this information for later. It occurs in both crystalline and massive forms, such as nodules and smooth, rounded pebbles, massive boulders, druzy or botryoidal formations, nodules with druzy lining, or masses lining the inside surfaces of geodes.Įven though blue chalcedony is mined in numerous places in the world, the quantity of rough material reaching the market is limited, which accounts for it reputation as a somewhat rare-or, at the very least, uncommon-gem material. Blue chalcedony is found in several places worldwide, with prime locations being Turkey, Namibia and Montana. Its pleasing color has made it a most desirable gemstone among lapidaries, jewelry designers, and collectors around the world. Retrieved 6 February 2006.Blue chalcedony is a very attractive variety of silica. Butterfly Conservation, Colchester, UK, 20p. Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society. The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Blue butterflies of the Lycaenopsis group: 1–309, 6 pls. "The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex)". Beccaloni, George Scoble, Malcolm Kitching, Ian Simonsen, Thomas Robinson, Gaden Pitkin, Brian Hine, Adrian Lyal, Chris.^ "Finland's national butterfly is the holly blue - Suomi 100".^ Butterfly Conservation A-Z of butterflies Archived at the Wayback Machine.Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes. According to Eliot & Kawazoe, 1983, these 14 subspecies are divided into four groups as follows: In their monograph on the Lycaenopsis group of polyommatine genera, Eliot & Kawazoe, 1983, list 14 taxa as valid subspecies names, plus many further synonyms to which they accord lesser status. This species was originally described as Papilio argiolus by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, and refers to the examples flying in Europe. The holly blue is the national butterfly of Finland. The butterflies in the spring and again in July, occasionally a third time at the end of August and in September, everywhere common, particularly at the flowers of ivy and brambles." In Europe, the first generation feeds mainly on the holly species Ilex aquifolium but the second generation uses a range of food plants. Pupa mostly fastened to the underside of a leaf, ochreous with brown spots and markings. On Ivy, Ilex, Euonymus, Rhamnus, Robinia, Genista, Spartium, Astragalus, Rubus, Erica, Pyrus and many other plants in Europe visited usually by ants of the genus Lasius in June and the autumn. Larva green or brown, marked with yellowish white, bearing catenulate (chain-like) stripes on the back, on segment 7 a gland to attract ants head brown. Underside silver-white, in the disc a row of black dots, some of which are elongate, and before the margin blackish shadowy dots. The female has both wings broadly bordered with dark, the margin of the hindwing bearing vestiges of ocelli. Seitz describes it "Male above shining violet blue, only the apical portion of the costal margin being minutely edged with white. The holly blue has pale silver-blue wings spotted with pale ivory dots. Figs 1, 1a, 1b larva after last moult, from holly 1c, 1d larva after last moult, from ivy 1e pupa from holly
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